1.)Describe the main principles of just-war theory. There are many iterations and versions of the just-war theory. Many cultures and religions have interpreted it for themselves, but the main concepts still apply. Basically one of the main parts is there needs to be a reason for war. If a country attacks, then the just war theory applies because of self defense. Before going to war, the war needs to be declared by the appropriate figure, with the power to declare it. If starting war, there needs to be a chance of actually winning. For example a small militia against a military.
2.) In what fundamental way did Duns Scotus and William of Ockham challenge the position of Thomas Aquinas? Thomas Aquinas believed that God and reason were related. He believed that all faith based things could be proven by logic and understanding. With this said, he did prove the relation between faith and reason many times. However Duns Scotus and William of Ockham believed that faith and reason were very separate. They believed that God was real and that all parts described of him were truths. That only those truths are knowable through religion and not reason. The only way to know such things are through faith.
JBSchool 